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Vehicle electronics is a general term for the body electronic control unit and the on-board electronic control unit. Body electronic control system, including engine control system, chassis control system and body electronic control system (body electronic ECU). The most important role of automotive electronics is to improve the safety, comfort, economy and entertainment of automobiles. The electronic control system is composed of sensors, microprocessor MPUs, actuators, dozens or even hundreds of electronic components and their parts.
According to the influence of the role of automotive driving efficiency, can be categorized into two types of automotive electronic products:
One type of vehicle electronic control devices, vehicle electronic control devices to be used in conjunction with the car's mechanical systems, that is, the so-called “electromechanical combination” of vehicle electronic devices; they include engine, chassis, body electronic control. For example, electronic fuel injection system, brake anti-lock control, anti-skid control, traction control, electronic control of the suspension, electronic control of the automatic transmission, electronic power steering, etc..
Another category is vehicle electronics, vehicle electronics are electronic devices that can be used independently in an automobile environment, which is not directly related to the performance of the car itself. They include automotive information systems (car computers), navigation systems, automotive audio and television entertainment systems, car communication systems, Internet access devices.
Seven development characteristics of automotive electronics
1.The automotive industry is in the era of technological innovation, traditional mechanical and electrical products into high-tech products, the automotive industry has become a high-tech equipment up industry.
2.Regulations and market driven by the development of automotive electronic information technology, energy, emissions, noise, safety regulations are becoming increasingly stringent, customer comfort requirements continue to improve, promoting the development of automotive electronic information technology. China will implement the Euro III emission standard, Europe will implement the Euro IV emission standard, and Germany has already developed a car with a fuel consumption of one liter per 100 kilometers. Safety belts, airbags, ABS, ASR, etc., which enhance the safety of automobiles, have been intelligentized.
3.Automobile and engine system microprocessor scale is getting bigger and bigger. Automotive microprocessors more and more, some models up to 60, and the use of LIN, CAN network control, automotive electronics has accounted for 1/3 of the total cost of the car, the software part of the 4%, the two years is expected to exceed 10%. IC will continue to trend towards integration, today's IC can realize the equivalent of the previous multiple IC functions. In order to adapt to the development of electronic systems, automotive power supply system will be developed from 12V to 42V.
4.Will be popularized electronically controlled electric injection system, improve power system efficiency, can be seen in all engines have been used in electronic technology, manufacturers are also being popularized and improved: electronically controlled high-pressure common-rail diesel engine is a large number of studies, electric-electronic module hybrid drive system into a driving force, hydrogen fuel cell hybrid vehicle commercialization has made new progress, electronically controlled composite spark ignition engine rapid popularization, advanced electronically controlled uniform gas filling Compression-ignition engines are being researched intensively.
5.The rapid development of online control or drive system, online control steering, online control is stepping up research, online control will replace the mechanical system, the car chassis will undergo revolutionary changes.
6.ITS is rapidly emerging, including automotive intelligence, highway automation and navigation systems.
7.Integrated control has become the trend of development of automotive electronic information technology, including power transmission systems, chassis and security systems, body and anti-theft systems, etc., remote information processing system will make Bluetooth technology widely used in automobiles, automotive intelligence will continue to rise.
Application of automotive electronics in engines
1.Electronically Controlled Fuel Injection
In modern automobiles, mechanical or electromechanical hybrid fuel injection systems are becoming obsolete, and electronically controlled fuel injection devices are becoming increasingly popular due to their superior performance. The electronic fuel injection device can automatically ensure that the engine always works in the best condition, so that it can maximize fuel saving and air purification under the condition of a certain power output. After experiments and corrections to obtain the engine's best operating conditions of the fuel supply control rules, these objective rules are programmed in advance in the memory of the microcomputer, when the engine is working, according to the sensors measured air flow, oxygen content in the exhaust pipe, intake temperature, engine speed and operating temperature and other parameters, according to the pre-programmed computing program, and then and the memory of the best conditions of the parameters for comparison and judgment and then adjust the fuel supply. Then compare the parameters with the best operating conditions in the memory and make judgment before adjusting the oil supply. In this way, the engine is always running under the best operating conditions, thus improving the overall efficiency of the engine.
2. Electronic ignition (ESA)
It consists of a microcomputer, sensors and their interfaces, actuators and other electronic components. The device can be based on the sensor to send a variety of engine parameters for calculation, judgment, and then carry out the ignition time adjustment, which can save fuel and reduce air pollution. In addition, the new engine electronic control device also has self-adjustment control, intelligent control and self-diagnosis operation. It is generally believed that the energy saving effect of the engine electronic control device is more than 15%, and the effect is more obvious in environmental protection.
In addition, the use of electronic technology in the engine part of the content are: exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), idle speed control (ISC), electric oil pump, generator output, cooling fan, engine displacement, throttle timing, secondary air injection, engine boost, oil and steam evaporation and system self-diagnostics, etc., and they are more or less in different models are applied.
Automotive electronics in other applications
1. Electronically Controlled Automatic Transmission (ECAT)
ECAT can automatically change the position of the gear lever after computer calculation and judgment according to the load of the engine, rotational speed, vehicle speed, brake operating status and various parameters controlled by the driver, so as to realize the optimal control of transmission shifting, and obtain the optimal gear bit and optimal shifting time. Its advantages are good acceleration performance, high sensitivity, and the ability to accurately reflect the driving load and road conditions. The electronic control device of the transmission system can automatically adapt to changes in transient conditions and keep the engine working at the lowest possible speed. The electro-pneumatic gearshift device utilizes an electronic device to replace the mechanical gearshift lever and its connection to the transmission mechanism, and is executed by means of solenoid valves and pneumatic servo valve cylinders. It not only can obviously simplify the car manipulation, but also can realize the best driving dynamics and safety.
2. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
This system is an important safety component that has been developed for the longest time and is being used most rapidly. It is through the control to prevent the car braking wheel lock to ensure that the wheels and the ground to achieve the best sliding rate (15-20%), so that the car braking in a variety of road surfaces, the wheels and the ground can reach the longitudinal peak adhesion coefficient and larger lateral adhesion coefficients, in order to ensure that the vehicle braking does not occur when the locking drag slippery, loss of steering ability and other insecure conditions, to improve automotive maneuvering stability and safety, and to reduce the braking distance. Reduce braking distance. Drive anti-skid system (ASR) is also called traction control system (TCS or TRC), is a perfect and complementary to the ABS, which can prevent starting and accelerating the drive wheel slip, both to help improve the car's traction efficiency when accelerating, but also to improve its operational stability.
3. Electronic Steering Assist System
Electronic steering power system is a DC motor instead of the traditional hydraulic power cylinder, battery and motor to provide power. This microcomputer-controlled steering power system and the traditional hydraulic power system compared with fewer parts, smaller, lighter weight features, the most optimized steering force, steering back to the right characteristics, improve the car's ability to steer and steering response characteristics, added to the car's low-speed mobility and adjust the stability of driving.
4. Self-adjusting Suspension System
The self-adjusting suspension system automatically adjusts the stiffness of the suspension springs and the damping characteristics of the shock absorbers according to the transient load of the suspension, in order to adapt to the prevailing load and maintain the established height of the suspension. This can greatly improve the stability, maneuverability and ride comfort of the vehicle.
5. Automatic Control System (CCS)
When driving at high speeds and long distances, the CCS can be used. The CCS will automatically adjust the throttle opening according to the driving resistance, so that the driver does not have to step on the gas pedal frequently to adjust the vehicle speed. In case of climbing, the vehicle speed has a downward trend, the microcomputer control system will automatically increase the throttle opening; in the downhill, and automatically close the throttle opening, in order to adjust the engine power to achieve a certain speed. When the driver changes to low-speed gear or brake, this control system will automatically disconnect.
With the world's major automobile manufacturers on the car safety issues of high importance, airbag system, driving dynamics regulation system (FDR or VDC), collision avoidance system, seat belt control, camera control and other aspects of the car has been a large number of electronic new technology.