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In the field of high frequency circuit design, the effective transmission of signals is an extremely critical link. With the rapid progress of communication technology,millimetre wave frequency band has been widely used in wireless communication, radar monitoring and other categories by virtue of its unique advantages. In the millimetre wave circuit system, PCB planar transmission line technology occupies a pivotal position.The purpose of this paper is to explore the millimeter-wave frequency band under the widely used PCB planar transmission line technology, and analysis of circuit materials, design elements on the millimeter wave circuit performance, and then put forward the corresponding optimization strategy.
Mainstream PCB planar transmission line technology in the millimeter wave frequency band
In the millimeter wave band, PCB planar transmission line technology covers microstrip line, ribbon line, coplanar waveguide (CPW) and dielectric integrated waveguide (SIW) and other types. These transmission line technologies result in different electromagnetic field distributions and circuit performance due to their structural differences.
Microstrip lines: As one of the most common transmission lines in PCBs, microstrip lines are known for their simple structure and easy processing.However, in the millimetre wave frequency band, microstrip lines have relatively high losses and are susceptible to electromagnetic interference.
Ribbon Wire: Ribbon wire is ideal for millimetre wave circuits because of its low loss and excellent shielding performance.However,at the same time,the processing complexity and cost of ribbon wire is relatively high.
Coplanar Waveguide (CPW): CPW has a wide bandwidth and low dispersion characteristics, making it ideal for high-speed data transmission.In addition,CPWs are compact and easy to integrate.
Dielectric Integrated Waveguide (SIW): SIW combines the advantages of waveguide and microstrip line, with low loss, high Q and other significant features, it is the ideal transmission line choice for millimeter wave circuits.
The Impact of Circuit Materials on the Performance of Millimeter Wave Radar
The choice of circuit materials has a significant impact on the effectiveness of millimeter wave circuits.The dielectric constant of the material,loss angle tangent and other parameters directly determine the loss and dispersion characteristics of the transmission line. In the millimetre wave frequency band,materials with stable dielectric constants and low loss should be selected to enhance the overall performance of the circuit.
Impact of Design Elements on millimeter wave Circuit Performance
In addition to material selection,the design of the transmission line is also a key factor affecting the performance of millimeter-wave circuits. The width, length, spacing and other parameters of the transmission line need to be optimised according to the specific needs of the application in order to achieve the best transmission effect.At the same time,in order to reduce electromagnetic interference and loss, it is also necessary to consider the shielding and grounding design of the transmission line.
Optimisation strategy for millimeter wave circuit performance
For the millimeter wave circuit performance problems,can be optimised from the following aspects:
Optimize the selection of materials:select circuit materials with stable dielectric constant and low loss to reduce transmission loss and dispersion effect.
Improve the transmission line design: according to the specific needs, the reasonable design of the transmission line width, length and spacing and other parameters, in order to reduce electromagnetic interference and loss.
Adoption of advanced processing technology: Apply high-precision and low-loss processing technology to improve the processing accuracy and consistency of transmission lines.
Integrated design: Through integrated design, multiple transmission line components are integrated on a single PCB board to reduce circuit size and cost and improve overall performance.
In summary, PCB planar transmission line technology in millimeter wave circuits is the core link in high-frequency circuit design.By reasonably selecting materials, optimising transmission line design and adopting advanced processing technology, the performance and reliability of millimetre wave circuits can be significantly improved,promoting the continuous development of high frequency communication technology.